Tick bites are a big summer issue. Nothing generates skin-crawling panic in a parent more than finding an ugly, fat tick embedded in the skin of your child. Find out what you can do to protect your family from ticks and what to do if you find one!
NOTE: If you urgently need to remove a tick from your child’s skin please skip to the end of the article for Tick Bite First Aid.
What are ticks?
Ticks are a member of the arachnid family, closely related to spiders, scorpions and mites. There are many species of ticks in Australia, however, if you live on the North Shore of Sydney then the tick you will encounter 9 times out 10 is the notorious Australian Paralysis Tick (Ixodes Holocyclus), which is flourishing across all parts of northern Sydney. Many people mistakenly believe the very small ticks that commonly bite in large numbers are “grass ticks” or “seed ticks”. This is not correct – there’s no such species. The smaller ticks are actually juveniles of the paralysis tick and they can cause health problems, just like their adult counterparts.
Why do they bite us?
Ticks are parasites; they bite us to consume our blood as food. Left undisturbed, a tick will stay attached to its victim’s skin, feeding on blood for up to ten days. Female ticks need a “blood meal” three times in their life, while males require two. Their life cycle lasts from 12 to 14 months and they need blood to nourish themselves to progress to each stage of their development. At a female ticks third blood meal she is gathering the protein to produce her eggs, of which there can be over 3000! Once they are laid, she dies.
Why are there so many ticks now?
Tick numbers have soared in Sydney in recent years. The reason for this is simple. Bandicoots! Councils have run hugely successful fox-culling programs, and with their primary predator gone, the local bandicoot population has exploded. Bandicoots are ground-dwelling foragers that are immune to tick toxins. Possums, wallabies, large lizards, rabbits and bush turkeys also carry ticks, and all of these animals are thriving thanks to the lack of foxes – which means more ticks.
Tick bites: What are the risks?
- At their mildest, tick bites cause skin irritation, swelling and itchiness that will last for many weeks.
- In children, tick bites are common around the eyes and result in swelling that can force the eye shut.
- Some people get fever-like symptoms that can vary from short-lived to lasting for years.
- Debate rages over whether we have Lyme disease in Australia or whether it’s a similar condition, caused by the tick borne Borrellia bacteria.
- Red Meat Allergy has become frighteningly common with over 1000 reported cases across northern Sydney. I estimate that one in five of our customers suffers from it. It is brought about from a tick bite and results in life threatening anaphylaxis when a victim later eats any type of red meat – worst of all it stays with you indefinitely.
- Paralysis from tick bites kills many dogs and cats every year, but is rare in humans – although children under five are certainly vulnerable. In animals, paralysis begins once a tick has been attached for two to three days, which possibly explains why it’s rare in humans. We are good at explaining when we have a sore, itchy spot and can get it looked at and the tick removed, whereas animals aren’t able to tell us that, so the tick stays put and does its deadly work.
- Other forms of anaphylaxis, “tick typhus”, painful swelling, skin discolouration and even Bell’s palsy are other nasty outcomes of tick bites
How can I avoid tick bites?
Avoiding bites is the best defence. Unfortunately, ticks enjoy the same outdoor habitats as children do! Leafy, well-planted parts of the garden and shaded areas that are perfect for cubby houses and imaginative games are also ideal for ticks. Lush, well-watered lawns and richly mulched garden beds are also ideal tick territory.
1. Use an insect repellent
The first line of defence is to use an insect repellent. It must contain either Picaridin or DEET as the active ingredient to repel ticks. To be effective use it like sunscreen by applying evenly and carefully to exposed skin.
2. Cover kids with clothes and shoes
If you have a tick-prone garden then getting kids well dressed with shoes and socks, long sleeves and pants before playing outside will definitely help.
3. Check your child for ticks
It is important to understand that ticks don’t bite immediately. They crawl around on our skin for up to two hours before they bite so a thorough check of your child – in the bath is ideal – after they’ve been playing is strongly advised. The neck, scalp, ears, eyes, armpits and genital areas should all be carefully checked along with the more obvious areas. Remember that a juvenile tick may be as small as 1mm long.
4. Kill ticks on clothes in the tumble dryer
Putting clothes that have been worn while in the garden into a hot dryer for 15 minutes will kill any ticks that are attached to them.
5. Get rid of ticks in your garden completely
Of course, you can also make use of a specialised service that can expertly rid your garden of ticks, which is what they do at TickSafe and The Mozzie Team.
Tick bite First Aid: How do I remove a tick from the skin?
Freeze it, don’t squeeze it!
The number one rule is do not do anything to squeeze, scratch or irritate the tick. Any of these greatly increases the risk of squeezing toxins from the tick into your bloodstream. Don’t reach for the nearest pair of household tweezers, pull at it with your fingers or start dabbing it with tea tree oil, methylated spirits, nail polish remover or any other home remedy.
Removing a live tick
For small ticks up to 2-3mm, use Lyclear cream which is available without a script from any pharmacy. It is used for scabies, which is a type of mite, and kills the tick while it’s still attached. Apply a pea sized blob of Lyclear onto the tick without rubbing it then leave it alone.
If the tick is larger, you will need another pharmacy product called Wart Off. It is a spray or paint that freezes the tick to death instantly. Very importantly you must apply five squirts (not just one or two) as close as possible to the tick which will kill it on the spot. This is advice from Australia’s peak body for tick allergy research, TiARA, at RNSH.
Removing a dead tick
Associate Professor Sheryl van Nunen is Australia’s leading authority on tick borne allergies (and famously discovered the link between tick bites and red meat allergy). Her advice on removing a dead tick from the skin (when it’s attached and you don’t want to wait for it to fall out naturally) is to be patient and wait, and that squeezing a dead tick is just as dangerous as squeezing a live one.
However, if waiting is intolerable you can use very fine, needle nosed tweezers like a jewellers, but it requires an expert hand. Household or eyebrow tweezers are unsuitable as they are not fine enough and will squeeze the tick’s body which you simply must not allow. Make sure you only grip the mouth part of the tick and never the body. Use extreme caution and seek medical attention from someone who is properly up to date on the recommended techniques – some doctors may not be.
Also make sure you note the date of any tick bite in a diary and then remain alert to any unusual symptoms over the next few weeks and seek immediate medical attention if any symptoms develop.
